StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

International Economic Relations - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
Human development indicators that are part of the most recent reports. Human development has three indicators, which include Life expectancy, Education attainment, and income. The education is also further determined by other two indicators, which are the expected years of schooling and the mean years of schooling…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER93.3% of users find it useful
International Economic Relations
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "International Economic Relations"

Insert International Economic Relations Human development indicators that are part of the most recent reports. Human development has three indicators, which include Life expectancy, Education attainment, and income (Schenk). The education is also further determined by other two indicators, which are the expected years of schooling and the mean years of schooling (Schenk). Income is obtained by calculating the Gross National Income Per Capita. Life expectancy AUSTRALIA (High human development country) Life expectancy entails the years that a newborn is expected to live throughout his or her life provided there is no change in mortality rates. It is estimated using a maximum age of 85 years and a minimum of twenty years. The life expectancy in high human development countries is a healthy and long life. The living standards of its people are more decent and lively (Schenk). Like in Australia majority of the people have better access to better medical care and their life expectancy is high compared to the middle and the low human development countries. The table below shows the life expectancy trend from 1980 to 2013 of Australia and other high human development countries. 1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 66.1 67.6 68.9 71.2 72.9 73.1 73.3 73.5 73.7 73.9 74.1 74.3 74.5 EGYPT (considered being a middle human development country) The life expectancy in middle human development countries is fairly better based on health and life duration. The living standards of it’s people are moderate and better compared to low human development countries but slightly less than high human development countries. The table below illustrates the life expectancy of Egypt and other middle countries. 1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 56.91 59.01 60.81 64.01 65.61 65.91 66.21 66.15 66.81 67.11 67.14 67.61 67.19 KENYA (Considered as being a low human development country) Life expectancy for countries with low human aspect of development is relatively small compared to other middle and high countries. Living standards is also lower compared to other countries at higher levels. Below is a table showing the life expectancy in Kenya. 1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 49.6 51.21 52.11 53.16 55.71 57.13 57.81 58.31 58.18 58.21 58.61 59.10 59.24 Education attainment Expected years for one to be in school and the considered average years of schooling, indexes are employed to determine the education index. 18 years is used as the expected years of schooling and is based on enrolment of age at all levels of learning. The expected years of schooling indicator uses a minimum of zero years and a maximum of 18 years (Schenk). The mean age of education, on the other hand, is based data on educational attainment collected by UNESCO institute for Statistics. Education is a critical factor to determine if a country has high human development, middle growth or low human development. Comparison of different attainment in education level can be employed to bring a better picture of the past and present state of different countries at different levels of the human development and what we can expect in the future (Schenk). AUSTRALIA (considered being a high human development country) In large human developed countries like Australia the year of schooling is much higher compared to the other low levels were at least one-third of the population has attained the level of higher education (Schenk). Below is the trend of the level of education in Australia where 1 represents the highest level of education. Education index 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.870 0.870 0.874 0.894 0.895 0.902 0.905 0.907 0.913 0.916 0.919 0.922 0.927 0.927 EGYPT (Considered as a middle human developed country) The central counties their education level has been improving with time recently having an average level of about 0.5.below is the trend over years: 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.281 0.352 0.391 0.432 0.491 0.533 0.532 0.541 0.552 0.561 0.571 0.572 0.572 KENYA (Regarded as a Low developed country) The level of education is below 0.5 currently, which countries are below the average as compared to the other high levels and if it has attained average. Below is the table illustrating the trend. 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1013 0.341 0.362 0.393 0.413 0.433 0.474 0.421 0.412 0.522 0.521 0.552 0.553 0.554 0.555 INCOME Gross national income is used to determine the living standard dimension. The minimum amount that a person is supposed to use per day is 100 us dollars and a maximum of 75,000 us dollars per day. HDI Rank Country 1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Very high human development 0.821 0.831 0.851 0.882 0.894 0.899 0.901 0.901 0.896 0.899 0.902 0.903 0.905 High human development 0.540 0.549 0.609 0.634 0.673 0.685 0.698 0.707 0.708 0.718 0.725 0.732 0.738 Medium human development 0.464 0.473 0.493 0.534 0.562 0.572 0.581 0.586 0.593 0.602 0.608 0.613 0.617 Low human development 0.467 0.455 0.437 0.439 0.468 0.475 0.484 0.486 0.489 0.494 0.500 0.505 0.509 Similarities and differences in development among the three countries Similarities There is an improvement in the human development among the three levels of countries as it is witnessed in the tables. All the indicators of human development show increase in trend as from year to year which concludes that the three levels have an improvement as far as the human development index is concerned (Schenk). Differences There is a variation that exists in the three levels as far as the mean and expected a year of schooling are concerned. The high-level countries have highest index as compared to the middle and the low levels with the low countries having the lowest index. Life expectancy is also higher in high human developed countries as compared to other levels. The gross National income is witnessed to be lowest in low human developed countries while highest in high human developed countries. The role international trade and capital flows play in differentiating the pace and level of development across the three countries. International trade has made a crucial arrangement on international economic to enhance fairness in trade and investment, as well as the wellbeing of the people across the three levels of human development (Schenk). It is concerned with reducing the interest rates and creating a new pace of human development and has ensured its effectiveness among major countries. It has also led to a new pace in developing countries in human development through improved economic management hence boosting the income of the countries thus enhancing human development (Schenk). International trade has also focused on enhancing development policies for better aid and improvement of technology. It has also increased development in low-income countries that rely on aid. Some low-income countries in Asia have made a significant development due to the international aid progress that could not be realized if there no such aid (Schenk). Through the help of the international trade, growth has been accomplished that has led to better lives for hundreds of millions of people living below the poverty line. CONCLUSION From the above information about the indicators of human development, the following conclusions can be made. There is an overall improvement in the three levels of human development whereby with the same pace and improvement can lead to prosperity. This increase in human development index trend with time may lead to merging or convergence in the three levels of human development as those in low level with same pace will be in middle level and those in middle in high level thus resulting in convergence of the levels thus enhancing prosperity. The indicators will help the countries know where they range as far as human development is concerned thus making them look for necessary mechanisms to improve on them thus resulting in prosperity. Works cited Schenk, Catherine. International Economic Relations. Francis publications, New York America. 2011. Print Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“International Economic Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words”, n.d.)
Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/macro-microeconomics/1694040-international-economic-relations
(International Economic Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words)
https://studentshare.org/macro-microeconomics/1694040-international-economic-relations.
“International Economic Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/macro-microeconomics/1694040-international-economic-relations.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF International Economic Relations

HOW HAS CHINA'S OUTWARD FDI DEVELOPED AND WHAT BUSINESS STATEGIES DOES IT SERVE

hellip; The economy of China had previously “leaned toward a Soviet-style central plan economy with an internal focus on heavy industry and closure to International Economic Relations” (Voss, 2011, pp.... 1979 to 1992: Special economic zones.... The initial four Special economic Zones (SEZ) were also established and this played a very significant role in encouraging the inflow of technology, managerial expertise, skills, and foreign investment....
3 Pages (750 words) Essay

Business International Law

In the paper “Business International Law” the author analyzes economic policies created by countries but having shared common principles.... … The author states that twenty nine states accepted its Articles of Agreement in the expectations of avoiding a reappearance of the economic procedures that donated to the United States Great Depression in the 1930's.... Structural Adjustment Programs (also known as SAPs) are economic policies created by each country but having shared common principles....
3 Pages (750 words) Essay

A History of the World Economy

For instance, it points out that economy during the wars was in shambles and that the pre-war economic system could not be carried forward because like everything else it was rendered a chaotic mess.... It also led to a debilitating depression when the political framework and economic structures had lost their moorings and had to be restructured from a scratch.... Because western countries like the USA, UK, Germany, and France were anyway in the forefront of the new economic system....
4 Pages (1000 words) Essay

World Politics Trend and Transformation

hellip; The author states that after liquidation of split of the world on two opposite systems, there was a cardinal rearrangement of forces and overestimation of values in the world, in result of which existed stereotypes concerning problems of the world economy, world division of labor and International Economic Relations have become obsolete.... One of them is quantitative growth of the countries incorporated in the various international economic unions and other international economic alliances that is the evidence of increase of globalization of economy....
4 Pages (1000 words) Essay

PRODUCTION AND COST

Yet, since processes are not independent but are created, driven, or motivated via institutions and governing laws and rules, significance of international law, more specifically international economic law, is explored.... Simply put, globalization is political, technological, and cultural, as well as economic.... Then, international trade laws and role of World Trade Organization are discussed.... Finally, impact of… international trade has grown over recent years in dramatic ways....
6 Pages (1500 words) Term Paper

International Trade

The former, in the negative sense, aims to further their own advantage or, positively, to help the economic struggles of the latter.... international trade is an acknowledgement that interdependence is now a worldwide reality, though To properly project the significance of international trade, this essay therefore has three goals: 1) to examine the aims and rationale of international trade through the examples of China and India, and lastly, 2) to compare the effects of international trade on developed and developing countries....
4 Pages (1000 words) Research Paper

Role of Governments in the Global Oil Economy

Constant discovery of new oil fields is necessary to avoid depletion of current reserves; however, this is challenging from both economic and business perspectives.... This paper explores the role of governments in shaping the global oil economy.... The oil industry can be both a curse and a boon on the global economy....
6 Pages (1500 words) Coursework

Hospital improves patient case with data warehouse

We also need to understand here it is due to the consequences of actions of a state that International Economic Relations equate to international political relations (Sandra, Stones, and Benton).... Such analysts also tend to believe that International Economic Relations never really help are problematic and useless by default.... Moreover, it also focuses on the relation between the level of power possessed by a State and/or a group and how it affects the international economic trend....
2 Pages (500 words) Case Study
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us